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RADI130 Radiation and Protection Biology
Department of Health Sciences: Radiography
- I. Course Number and Title
- RADI130 Radiation and Protection Biology
- II. Number of Credits
- 3 credits
- III. Number of Instructional Minutes
- 2250
- IV. Prerequisites
- RADI100 (B or better), RADI105 (B or better), RADI110 (B or better), RADI115 (B or better), and RADI120 (B or better)
- Corequisites
- RADI125, RADI135, RADI140
- V. Other Pertinent Information
- None
- VI. Catalog Course Description
- This course provides the principles of radiation biology, including the interaction of radiation with living tissue and the methods used to protect the patient, radiographer, and others. An emphasis on the National Council on Radiation Protection dose limits, interpreting personnel dose reports and the types of radiation badges is discussed.
- VII. Required Course Content and Direction
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Course Learning Goals
Students will:
- explain "as low as reasonably achievable" principle and the objectives of a radiation protection program;
- identify sources and methods to measure radiation exposure;
- identify the basis for occupational exposure limits;
- describe the principles of cellular biology related to the physical, chemical and biological factors influencing radiation response of cells and tissues;
- formulate dose equivalent limits with reference to the latest National Council on Radiation Protection reports and interpret personnel monitoring reports; and
- differentiate between somatic and genetic radiation effects and discuss specific associated diseases or syndromes.
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Planned Sequence of Topics and/or Learning Activities
- Introduction to radiation protection
- Justification for radiation protection
- Somatic effects
- Genetic effects
- Biologic damage potential of ionizing radiation
- Stochastic effects
- Non-stochastic effects
- Objectives of a radiation protection program
- Documentation
- Occupational and non-occupational dose limits
- As low as reasonably achievable concept
- Comparable risk
- Sources of radiation
- Natural
- Man-made
- Legal and ethical responsibilities
- Units, Detection, and Measurement
- Radiation units
- Exposure
- Coulomb/kilogram
- Roentgen
- Absorbed dose
- Gray
- Rad
- Dose equivalent
- Sievert
- Rem
- Radioactivity
- Becquerel
- Curie
- Dose reporting according to current National Council on Radiation Protection reports
- Measurement devices: (principle, application, and types)
- Ion chambers
- Proportional counters
- Thermionic luminescent dosimeter
- Optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter
- Surveys, Regulatory/Advisory Agencies and Regulations
- General survey procedures
- Qualified expert
- Records
- Equipment survey
- Conditions
- Radiographic and fluoroscopic equipment
- Area Survey
- Controlled/uncontrolled areas
- Conditions
- Recommendations
- Regulatory/Advisory agencies
- International Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
- National Council on Radiation Protection
- Nuclear Regulatory Commission
- The Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981
- Consumer-Patient Radiation Health & Safety Act of 1981
- State agencies
- Radiation safety officer
- Requirement
- Responsibilities
- Personnel Monitoring
- Historical perspective
- Requirements for personnel monitoring
- Deep dose equivalent
- Shallow dose equivalent
- Eye dose equivalent
- Committed dose equivalent
- Committed effective dose equivalent
- Total effective dose equivalent
- Methods and types of personnel monitors
- Film badge
- Thermoluminesce badge
- Optically simulated luminesce badge
- Records of accumulated dose
- Purpose
- Content
- Length of record keeping
- Retrieval from previous employers
- Dose recommendations
- Occupational
- Non-occupational limits
- Critical organ sites
- Embryo-fetus
- Cumulative dose formula
- Responsibilities for radiation protection
- Radiographer
- Radiation safety officer
- Facility
- Application
- Design
- Materials
- Primary barrier
- Secondary barrier
- Half value layer
- Factors
- Use-controlled and uncontrolled
- Workload
- Occupancy
- Distance
- X-ray and ancillary equipment
- Beam-defining devices
- Exposure control devices
- On and off switches
- Interlocks
- Visual/ audio monitors
- Emergency controls
- Quality control
- Calibration
- Standards
- Regulations and recommendations
- Current NRC recommendations and/or regulations
- Current NCRP recommendations and/or regulations
- Applicable state regulations
- Cardinal principles in protection
- Time
- Distance
- Shielding
- Emergency procedures
- Patient Protection
- Beam-limiting devices
- Filtration
- Shielding
- Exposure factors
- Image receptor system
- Immobilization
- Fluoroscopic procedures
- Mobile radiography
- Special considerations
- Pediatric patients
- Pregnant patients
- Introduction to Radiation Biology
- Molecule
- Ionic bond
- Covalent bond
- Review of cell biology
- Basic unit of life
- Cell constituents
- Cell structure
- Cell growth
- Types of ionizing radiations
- Electromagnetic radiations
- Particulate radiations
- Absorption and ionization
- Directly ionizing radiation
- Indirectly ionizing radiation
- Sources of medical radiation exposure
- Diagnostic radiology
- Dental radiology
- Therapeutic radiology
- Nuclear medicine
- Biophysical Events
- Molecular effects of radiation
- Radiolysis of water
- Target theory
- The deposition of radiant energy
- Linear energy transfer
- Relative biological effectiveness
- Factors influencing relative biologic effect
- linear energy transfer
- Oxygen
- Radiation Effects
- Subcellular radiation effects
- Radiation effects of DNA
- Types of damage
- Implications in humans
- Radiation effects of chromosomes
- Types of damage
- Implications in humans
- Cellular radiation effects
- Types of cell death
- Interphase death
- Mitotic (genetic) death
- Other effects
- Mitotic delay
- Reproductive failure
- Interference of function
- Individual radiation effects
- Somatic effects
- Genetic effects
- Factors influencing radiation response
- Radiosensitivity and response
- Law of Begonia and Tribondeau
- Cell survival
- Factors influencing survival
- Linear energy transfer
- Oxygen
- Fractionation
- Systemic response to radiation
- Radiation dose-response curves
- Linear, non-threshold
- Nonlinear, non-threshold
- Linear, threshold
- Nonlinear, threshold
- Total body irradiation
- Acute radiation syndrome
- Stages of response and dose levels
- Factors influencing response
- Medical interventions of response
- Late effects of radiation
- Somatic responses
- Mutagenesis
- Carcinogenesis
- Stochastic effects
- Non-stochastic effects
- Genetic effects
- Occupational risks for radiation workers
- Carcinogenesis
- Risk estimates
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Assessment Methods for Course Learning Goals
Student assessment consists of in-class exams, electronically administered exams, multi-media projects, participation in classroom/online discussions, and role play exercises. -
Reference, Resource, or Learning Materials to be used by Student:
- Radiographs
- Audio visual aids- PowerPoint presentations, videos
- Smartboard
- Radiology laboratory
- Textbooks and reference materials
- See course syllabus
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Review/Approval Date 2/23/16